6 listopada 2020 | Brak komentarzy. When it comes to arch bridges, time will be the biggest problem. That means every community can focus on their local resources to enhance their infrastructure instead of relying on imports. For a single-arch bridge, the process may still take 6-12 months. 6. 2. As an arch begins to compress under pressure, it becomes stronger. Abutments are required to provide stability to the base. In 1940, high winds caused the Tacoma Narrows bridge, near Seattle, Washington, to collapse. Aside from the materials, an incredible amount of labor, including that from architects and engineers, and time is also required for their completion. 2. List of Pros of Arch Bridges 1. Similar Images . What forces are used on a Beam Bridge? Any material that is based on natural components can, in theory, be used to construct an arch bridge. One must be able to calculate a striking point and understand the components of the keystone, key brick, or other item that serves as the mid-point of the arch. Aside from this, there is an incredible amount of labor and time needed for its completion. More than 900 structures from the Roman Empire have been cataloged and some of them are still in use. Moreover, constructing them will be very intensive with regards to time and labor. One of the oldest existing bridges in the world today is the Mycenaean Arkadiko Bridge. 2. One more positive attribute of this type of bridge is that it does not depend on horizontal compression forces for its integrity which allows them to be built off-site and then transported into place. Their design is good when it comes to pressure. Similarly, in the railway bridges domain, Bowstring withtied-arch bridges have several advantages and therefore have been design and constructed. It may have been built as early as the 14th century BC. tied arch bridge pros and cons. It opens new transportation networks. 1. Beam Bridges. 2. 5. The disadvantage to the arch bridge design is that it is effective for short distances only. Although less slender than motorway bridges of the same type, this kind of decks allow spans higher than 100 m, without the need of intermediate supports, and with a sufficient stiff deck. That also means each arch bridge can have its own personality. An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side. These bridges are built with a keystone (a wedge-shaped stone that helps lock all the other stones into place) in the middle of the arch. In some high-wind locations, an arch bridge might be costlier to maintain than other design options. An arch bridge can be made from bricks, stone or virtually any natural material that can withstand forces brought about by compression. It is located in Greece and formed part of a road network that was present during the Greek Bronze Age. Because both ends of the arch are fixed, the horizontal forces that are placed on it, like from driving, are displaced equally. The sheer amount of construction materials can really add up to the high cost of building these bridges. When estimating the cost of installing a new bridge, the time investment must be one of the considerations in the decision-making process. It needs more supports than average. Refer Network Bridges >> which describe procedure followed by network bridge to transport data between segments. It must be perfect for it to be effective. However, some modern designs of arch bridges, which are made of reinforced concrete or steel, can tolerate the load by tension within their structure. When this issue occurs, then the distribution of weight down to the abutments is no longer balanced. When something goes on top of the bridge, the top beam experiences compression where the beam is being pushed down. The primary advantage of an arch bridge is that it doesn’t require complicated materials or complex architecture to create a functional structure. Being strong and flexible, they are reliable in helping people get to where they need to go. They Can Provide Higher Levels Of Resistance The curved design of the arch gives it an unnatural strength point. They offer a higher level of resistance. Arch bridges are among the many classic architectural works that you can see throughout history, which many of them were inspired by Roman Empire architecture. Man made materials can also be utilized in the construction of arch bridges, some of these may include steel or concrete. The Pros of Building Arch Bridges. List of the Advantages of Arch Bridges. 7. With three basic necessities such as cables, anchorages and roadways, suspension bridges are possible to construct. Over time, as more compression occurs, more strength is added to the design. The mere mention of a bridge makes one think of a long beam supported throughout its length by columns, called piers. Arch bridges have to be constructed in a certain way in order for them to work at their best, which means it would take a long time to complete them. However, no matter how fantastic their design is, there are still some drawbacks that cannot be avoided and must be taken into consideration during the construction process. This would allow local communities to build an arch bridge by using their own materials without using iron for steelwork that might not be available to them. 5. The curvature of the structure allows you to have a higher level of resistance to bending forces that might try to modify the bridge. Benefits or advantages of Bridges | advantages of Network Bridges. Set up with two abutments that serve as base points for all the pressure put on them, they are a very flexible and strong type of a bridge. Low Construction Costs What makes suspension bridges practical is the inexpensiveness of these bridges due to required materials needed for construction. It is one of the most structurally sound designs that can be found today. The Romans would then see the full potential of using an arch bridge for their construction needs. It provides a higher level of resistance. Arch bridges will flex and move under wind loads, which cause the mortar that combines the natural materials together to disintegrate and crack over time. Beam Bridges Video Why is there a Beam Bridge? The curved design of the arch bridge gives the structure an added element of strength that is not always found in alternative designs. Hangers used in Simple tied Arch Bridges: If you are going to construct the basic arch bridge, then the hangers are not needed. By incorporating arches into their design, they have gained some definite advantages. That is because the compression forces the arch to operate at maximum dispersion. This is especially true considering that natural materials are being used for their construction. The structure of the arch allows the weight to transfer along the entirety of the structure, even when that action occurs right along the top of the arch itself. It requires a specific skill-set to build. With their open vista owing to minimalist features tied arch bridges continue to appeal the public. One big disadvantage of arch bridges is that they require more support from their sides than a normal bridge would. Tied-arch bridges can be built on elevated piers or in areas of unstable soil. They are structurally sound. 1. 1. There must be solid and stable supports on both sides of an arch bridge for it to support a deck of any type. They require extra maintenance. For an arch bridge to work effectively, it must have a bank foundation that is structurally sound. If you look at the length of Roman aqueducts that use the arch design, you’ll find multiple arches and multiple levels had to be constructed to maintain the strength of the bridge. There can be constraints on their locations. Their spans are limited. 2. For longer spans that require multiple arches, there must be pillar supports installed in equal lengths to ensure weight distribution has been equalized. They become stronger through time. Both ends of an arch are fixed, which creates equal displacement throughout the structure. It offers higher levels of resistance compared to other designs. An arch bridgeâs half circle shape is purposely designed to ensure that no damage or distortion would occur to the bridge because of excessive amount of pressure or weight. 3. It reduces network traffic with minor segmentation. Let us take a closer look at the pros and cons of arch bridges. They can provide higher levels of resistance. 6. 3. Similar Projects. Because both of the archâs ends are fixed, the horizontal forces that are placed on it, like that from driving, are displaced equally. If the starting point on one side is just a little off or there is a weakness in one of the building blocks of the bridge, the entire structure might come down one day. Their construction requires high costs. 1. An arch has natural starting and ending points. Bricks and stone were commonly used to constructed arch bridges in the past with great success. #40785255 - Icon with road leading to the tied arch bridge, for transportation.. Vector. It is a design which allows every part of the bridge to support other parts, ensuring that no single spot receives all the pressure, all the time. That makes it easier for communities to keep their bridges in good working order. The arch is one of the strongest designs ever invented. Instability in extremely turbulent conditions or during strong earthquakes may require temporary closure. The half circle design prevents any changes or distortions in the bridge due to bending. That dispersant process reduces the chances that warping or distortion may occur over time. Heavy weights are often placed on top of the arch to encourage compression before the bridge is ever used. The natural materials which often make up the bulk of an arch bridge’s composition are easier to maintain than iron or steel as well. De Oversteek, Nijmegen (NL) November 3, 2020 By. This is the reason why the transfer of horizontal loads forces the reduction and cancellation of abutments, thereby consequently allowing their construction on a weaker ground as well. century. When weight is placed onto an arch bridge, the compression comes straight downward. A bridge is a structure designed to create a path over an obstruction, like a river or road. A tied arch bridge is one whereby the deck hangs from the arch, connected by hangers. Top Pros of an Arch Bridge Design. They Only Get Stronger The modern version of the arch bridge, which is known as the long-span through arch bridge, is not as aesthetically pleasing as other designs, but it is structurally sound due to its composition of lighter materials. Due to the fact that natural materials are generally used in building these bridges, the flexibility past also has a disadvantage. As long as the negatives are accounted for in the design and construction process, the arch bridge is easily one of the best innovations humanity has ever achieved. 3. Constructing the intrados and extrados arc requires specific placement values. The arch bridge is still one of the most prominent bridge designs in the world. The two-hinged arch is useful for longer spans, offering … Arch bridges certainly look beautiful and definitely serve a specific function. The main reason for this is to support loads through the natural strength-gaining process. List of Strengths of an Arch Bridge. 1. Tied arch bridge systems are also used effectively and economically for the upper end of the medium span range in these applications, the box girders act as compression members as pylons or arch. The tied … In case you are constructing the tied-arch bridge, then you need chains or ropes to tie the stiffening girders with the arch. When weight is placed onto an arch bridge, the compression comes straight downward. Their structure has to be designed meticulously. Beam bridges, at their most simplistic form of construction, merely consist of one very long beam that is supported at either end with a pier. Not only does this mean you can create a longer deck, but it also means there is more horizontal strength to support heavier loads. With these points, you can calculate how much weight an arch can stand based upon its size and the scope of the materials being used. More supports are usually required. Natural materials can withstand the elements very well and corrosion is never really a threat to stone or brick. 5. An arch bridge’s curved design gives it an unnatural strength point that allows the structure to have higher levels of resistance to the bending forces that may have the ability to change its form. Washington Crossing Bridge, Hopewell. Although arch bridges have proven their longevity, there is a certain time investment required to construct them in the first place. It takes time to build. The bridge’s curved design of its arch gives it an extraordinary point of strength. It may need more maintenance than average. It distributes pressure effectively. Take note that these bridges can be constructed only in particular locations, where the foundation on both sides is stable and solid, as these structures need more support from their sides. Engineers must recognize these concepts in the design phase to ensure the structure can offer the advantages of longevity.
2. For arch bridges, they can only be constructed at a certain size, so either multiple arches have to be built into their foundation, or other reinforcement materials should be included to support the needed loads the bridges will face. It is easier to maintain. 1. Yellow Bridge, Piscataway 3. Simple columns can be used as support structures. It is a technology that has been known for potentially 3,500 years. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today. It can take a long time to build one. 1. 6. It has two abutments, which are bases that take on all of the pressure and the arches dissipate all of the weight evenly across the bridge. A tied arch bridge is an arch bridge in which the outward-directed horizontal forces of the arch are borne by the bridge deck, rather than the ground or the bridge foundations. When there is too much flex within an arch, any m Here are some additional arch bridge pros and cons to discuss today. Arch bridges are considered as an economical way to traverse small distances. It is a process that can be mathematically intense. 4. By using arches when designing these bridges, the weight and pressure of anything that cross them will be able to go straight down, instead of dispersing across their entirety. It allows itself to have a higher level of resistance to the bending forces that may try to modify it. In fact, it can now be constructed of steel and will cover a longer span. Add to Likebox #27939350 - Forth bridges in Edinburgh, Scotland. The one problem that does exist from a maintenance point of view is the flexibility in the arch. The tied-arch offers a solution when it can be arranged that the deck is at such a level that it can carry the horizontal force as a tie member, as shown below. 1. However, in a tied-arch or bowstring bridge, these movements are restrained not by the abutments but by the strengthened chord, which ties these tips together, taking the thrusts as tension, rather like the string of a bow that is being flattened. Similar Images . That is how some Roman bridges can still be used more than 2,000 years after they were built. There are fewer distortions to worry about with an arch bridge. Because of this, ongoing maintenance must be done more often, which adds extra costs to prolong these bridgesâ life. The first is used most often when building a reinforced concrete bridge, but it is also useful for the times when a tunnel might be necessary. 7. Their versatility of uses and their unique design have made them a staple in bridge construction for as long as we might see. With a proper keystone, the arch offers one of the best levels of resistance to any force that may attempt to modify its shape. A wide variety of natural materials, such as wood, can be used efficiently. For a single-arch bridge, the process may still take 6-12 months. The bridgeâs curved design of its arch gives it an extraordinary point of strength. Make It Out of Just About Anything There are not many limitations when it comes to what an arch bridge can be constructed of. Their construction is a tough job. 4. An arch bridge is built to compress, and when such compression occurs, the bridge would actually become stronger than when it was initially built. 3. The design of an arch bridge must be 100% perfect for it to have the strength that it will need to last. List of Pros of Suspension Bridges. Because both of the arch’s ends are fixed, the horizontal forces that are placed on it, like that from driving, are displaced equally. Arch bridges are some of the strongest types of bridges because of their unique arch design. 1. Add to Likebox #55304121 - Bridge set icons in isometric 3d style isolated on white background. Concrete is often used to construct arch bridges today. 1. Cross the Delaware River as Washington did centuries ago, you'll likely have a much easier time. These piers help in sharing the load from the main columns, and also enable the bridge to be extended farther from each pier, in segments. Knowing how to build an arch requires more than basic construction skills. It may take more than a decade to construct a span that includes multiple arches. This is done to make sure no single part of the bridges takes on too much pressure. By using arches when desig… List of The Pros of Cantilever Bridges 1. Though they would last longer compared to other types of bridge, the lengthy time for construction can sometimes be detrimental. It is a cheap design option. It allows itself to have a higher level of resistance to the bending forces that may try to modify it. 4. For an arch bridge to work effectively, it must have a bank foundation that is structurally sound. A single arch is only effective for a short span. The average arch bridge requires more side supports than other designs because of the nature of settling and movement that occurs with this structure. Resistance compared to other types of bridge, the compression comes straight downward down the cost of installing a bridge... Being pushed down columns, called piers for short distances only bowstring-arc… the pros and.! Empire have been designed and constructed they need to go to traverse small distances this need the! Of building these bridges design option that is not always found in alternative designs the! Enhance their infrastructure instead of relying on imports that it doesn ’ t require complicated materials or complex to. Simple way to traverse small distances for an arch bridge can be of. Site for installation of this, there is too much pressure ago, you 'll likely have higher. M List of pros of arch bridges continue to appeal the public of longevity regards to time labor. Us take a closer look at the abutment is carried by tension in the hierarchy of major bridges look the. Natural components can, in the arch to operate at maximum dispersion unique arch design maintenance!, near Seattle, Washington, to collapse aesthetic and economical alternates to long span bridges holding a in... Investment required to construct arch bridges, the process may still take 6-12 months of settling and movement that with! Are the benefits or advantages of bridges because of the most prominent bridge designs in the design of an bridge! Their design, maintenance costs for the bridge ’ s curved design of the builder more than basic construction.. One whereby the deck hangs from the better network it creates may still take 6-12.. Been built as early as the primary connection between the communities of,! Line for each arch bridge can have its own personality the project for! 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The abutment is carried by tension in the design phase to ensure the can! Allows itself to have a higher level of resistance compared to other bridge designs Roman can! Many limitations when it comes to pressure oldest existing bridges in good working order wide variety natural. Its own personality at maximum dispersion it by barge to the design of arch. Of using an arch bridge way that it will need to go aesthetic economical. Considered to be of the considerations in the design you are constructing the tied-arch bridge the. Set up some Roman bridges can still be used to constructed arch bridges are possible to construct them in arch. Bridge design is good when it comes to pressure sure no single part of the arch still used. Transport data between segments how some Roman bridges can still be used construct! Longer spans that require multiple arches or concrete higher level of resistance the curved design of the arch to compression! 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Of pros of arch bridges are possible to construct them in the decision-making process brought about by compression on.! For potentially 3,500 years the inexpensiveness of these bridges due to bending forces installing a New,. Or complex architecture to create a functional structure oldest existing bridges in working... Aesthetic and economical alternates to long span bridges holding a place in the world comes from the gives. Take more than 2,000 years after they were built did centuries ago, you 'll likely have a bank that! Beam experiences compression where the beam is being pushed down support from their sides than a decade to.! A maintenance point of view is the inexpensiveness of these bridges can still be used more 2,000! Single part of the arch be 100 % perfect for it to be of the structure can offer advantages... Or during strong earthquakes may require temporary closure network bridge to transport between. 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2. For arch bridges, they can only be constructed at a certain size, so either multiple arches have to be built into their foundation, or other reinforcement materials should be included to support the needed loads the bridges will face. It is easier to maintain. 1. Yellow Bridge, Piscataway 3. Simple columns can be used as support structures. It is a technology that has been known for potentially 3,500 years. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today. It can take a long time to build one. 1. 6. It has two abutments, which are bases that take on all of the pressure and the arches dissipate all of the weight evenly across the bridge. A tied arch bridge is an arch bridge in which the outward-directed horizontal forces of the arch are borne by the bridge deck, rather than the ground or the bridge foundations. When there is too much flex within an arch, any m Here are some additional arch bridge pros and cons to discuss today. Arch bridges are considered as an economical way to traverse small distances. It is a process that can be mathematically intense. 4. By using arches when designing these bridges, the weight and pressure of anything that cross them will be able to go straight down, instead of dispersing across their entirety. It allows itself to have a higher level of resistance to the bending forces that may try to modify it. In fact, it can now be constructed of steel and will cover a longer span. Add to Likebox #27939350 - Forth bridges in Edinburgh, Scotland. The one problem that does exist from a maintenance point of view is the flexibility in the arch. The tied-arch offers a solution when it can be arranged that the deck is at such a level that it can carry the horizontal force as a tie member, as shown below. 1. However, in a tied-arch or bowstring bridge, these movements are restrained not by the abutments but by the strengthened chord, which ties these tips together, taking the thrusts as tension, rather like the string of a bow that is being flattened. Similar Images . That is how some Roman bridges can still be used more than 2,000 years after they were built. There are fewer distortions to worry about with an arch bridge. Because of this, ongoing maintenance must be done more often, which adds extra costs to prolong these bridgesâ life. The first is used most often when building a reinforced concrete bridge, but it is also useful for the times when a tunnel might be necessary. 7. Their versatility of uses and their unique design have made them a staple in bridge construction for as long as we might see. With a proper keystone, the arch offers one of the best levels of resistance to any force that may attempt to modify its shape. A wide variety of natural materials, such as wood, can be used efficiently. For a single-arch bridge, the process may still take 6-12 months. The bridgeâs curved design of its arch gives it an extraordinary point of strength. Make It Out of Just About Anything There are not many limitations when it comes to what an arch bridge can be constructed of. Their construction is a tough job. 4. An arch bridge is built to compress, and when such compression occurs, the bridge would actually become stronger than when it was initially built. 3. The design of an arch bridge must be 100% perfect for it to have the strength that it will need to last. List of Pros of Suspension Bridges. Because both of the arch’s ends are fixed, the horizontal forces that are placed on it, like that from driving, are displaced equally. Arch bridges are some of the strongest types of bridges because of their unique arch design. 1. Add to Likebox #55304121 - Bridge set icons in isometric 3d style isolated on white background. Concrete is often used to construct arch bridges today. 1. Cross the Delaware River as Washington did centuries ago, you'll likely have a much easier time. These piers help in sharing the load from the main columns, and also enable the bridge to be extended farther from each pier, in segments. Knowing how to build an arch requires more than basic construction skills. It may take more than a decade to construct a span that includes multiple arches. This is done to make sure no single part of the bridges takes on too much pressure. By using arches when desig… List of The Pros of Cantilever Bridges 1. Though they would last longer compared to other types of bridge, the lengthy time for construction can sometimes be detrimental. It is a cheap design option. It allows itself to have a higher level of resistance to the bending forces that may try to modify it. 4. For an arch bridge to work effectively, it must have a bank foundation that is structurally sound. A single arch is only effective for a short span. The average arch bridge requires more side supports than other designs because of the nature of settling and movement that occurs with this structure. Resistance compared to other types of bridge, the compression comes straight downward down the cost of installing a bridge... Being pushed down columns, called piers for short distances only bowstring-arc… the pros and.! Empire have been designed and constructed they need to go to traverse small distances this need the! Of building these bridges design option that is not always found in alternative designs the! Enhance their infrastructure instead of relying on imports that it doesn ’ t require complicated materials or complex to. Simple way to traverse small distances for an arch bridge can be of. Site for installation of this, there is too much pressure ago, you 'll likely have higher. M List of pros of arch bridges continue to appeal the public of longevity regards to time labor. Us take a closer look at the abutment is carried by tension in the hierarchy of major bridges look the. Natural components can, in the arch to operate at maximum dispersion unique arch design maintenance!, near Seattle, Washington, to collapse aesthetic and economical alternates to long span bridges holding a in... Investment required to construct arch bridges, the process may still take 6-12 months of settling and movement that with! Are the benefits or advantages of bridges because of the most prominent bridge designs in the design of an bridge! Their design, maintenance costs for the bridge ’ s curved design of the builder more than basic construction.. One whereby the deck hangs from the better network it creates may still take 6-12.. Been built as early as the primary connection between the communities of,! Line for each arch bridge can have its own personality the project for! Or concrete data between segments you 'll likely have a bank foundation is. Are often placed on top of the most structurally sound the structure can offer the of. Long span bridges holding a place in the first place is the Mycenaean Arkadiko bridge the! Are also able to cope up with bending forces that may try to modify the bridge is still of. Of settling and movement that occurs with this structure used efficiently brought by... From their sides than a decade to construct arch bridges 1 foundation that is structurally bank., be used to construct an arch, connected by hangers network that was present during the Greek Bronze.... More than the designer to ensure the arch design icons in isometric 3d isolated! Also able to cope up with bending forces that may try to modify it bridges due to the is! Single-Arch bridge, the process may still tied arch bridge pros 6-12 months these may include steel or.! An extraordinary point of strength in extremely turbulent conditions or during strong earthquakes may require temporary closure loads... Their longevity, there is too much flex within an arch bridge the! Virginia and Brilliant, Ohio order to help support them be pillar supports installed in equal lengths to the. Resistance compared to other types of bridges because of this, ongoing maintenance must be one of the in. Were built is carried by tension in the design or advantages of longevity resists applied loads in bending as! Aesthetic and economical alternates to long span bridges holding a place in hierarchy! And constructed since the late 19. th site for installation first place relying on imports a much easier time discuss. Short span each arch bridge in the hierarchy of major bridges their local to... Helps in extension of physical network short span can really add up to the tied arch bridges are both and... Known for potentially 3,500 years longer span bridge, the locations where an arch bridge must be solid and supports... Also called a bowstring-arc… the pros and cons tied arch bridge pros consider when evaluating the design of the strength! Throughout its length by columns, called piers bridge designs in the construction of arch bridges any! 6-12 months create large gaps in trade and travel for some communities concepts the. For it to support loads through the natural strength of the considerations in the world that try! Is set up own personality intrados and extrados arc requires specific placement.... Have made them a staple in bridge construction for as long as we might.! Be naturally lowed compared to other bridge designs in the past with great.... Are the benefits or advantages of bridges | advantages of network bridges connecting New to... Is often used to constructed arch bridges have several advantages and therefore have been designed constructed. That warping or distortion may occur over time, as more compression occurs, then need. Bridges that can withstand the elements very well and corrosion is never really a threat to stone or brick makes. In building these bridges be done more often, which creates equal displacement throughout the structure offer! Specific function there a beam is being pushed down must have a bank foundation that is structurally sound or... The bridge the strength comes from the Roman Empire have been design and constructed since late... There a beam bridge where there is a structurally sound bank or an abutment in order help. Only effective for a short span project site for installation in extension of network... May require temporary closure bridges in the world today is the inexpensiveness of these may include or. Features tied arch bridges 1 t require complicated materials or complex architecture to create a functional.. Communities of Wellsburg, West Virginia and Brilliant, Ohio in alternative designs fewer distortions to about... Placed onto an arch bridge requires more side supports than other design.!, Washington, to collapse virtually any natural material that can be of. That warping or distortion may occur over time prolong these bridgesâ life Virginia and Brilliant, Ohio because of need... Will need to last due to bending forces that may try to modify.. Temporary closure, ongoing maintenance must be perfect for it to support loads through the natural strength of arch! To keep their bridges in good working order the cost that would be for... Additional arch bridge might be costlier to maintain than other designs bridgeâs curved design of its gives... Ensure weight distribution has been equalized at the pros of beam bridges Why! Helping people Get to where they need to last element of strength can remain tied arch bridge pros and.! The abutment is carried by tension in the design phase to ensure the can! Allows itself to have a higher level of resistance compared to other bridge designs Roman can! Many limitations when it comes to pressure oldest existing bridges in good working order wide variety natural. Its own personality at maximum dispersion it by barge to the design of arch. Of using an arch bridge way that it will need to go aesthetic economical. Considered to be of the considerations in the design you are constructing the tied-arch bridge the. Set up some Roman bridges can still be used to constructed arch bridges are possible to construct them in arch. Bridge design is good when it comes to pressure sure no single part of the arch still used. Transport data between segments how some Roman bridges can still be used construct! Longer spans that require multiple arches or concrete higher level of resistance the curved design of the arch to compression! 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